1) Prep the veg (thin = crispy)
Slice onions thinly.
Slice potatoes very thin (or grate).
If using spinach, chop roughly and pat dry.
2) Make the batter (thick, not watery)
In a bowl mix: besan + salt + cumin + spices + ginger/garlic.
Add water little by little, whisking until you get a thick batter (it should coat the veg easily).
Stir in rice flour/cornflour (optional crispiness).
Add baking soda only if using — mix once and fry soon after.
(Tip: Thick batter = crunchy pakoras. Thin batter = oily pakoras.)
3) Mix in the veg
Add sliced onions, potato, and spinach into the batter.
Mix well until everything is coated.